Biography of Maria Menounos - 1220 Words

Maria Menounos an entertainment journalist. Maria started her career very early at the age of seventeen by winning the title of Miss Massachusetts Teen USA. Then is when her career began and started thriving through radio and television jobs. During her senior year of college enrolled at Emerson she got a job on Channel News One. This job helped launch her career while, reporting she was also trying to produce an independent film â€Å"In the Land of the Merry Misfits†. However, the negative got stolen from the lab so the film was never produced. Fortunately her career with reporting kept her on track. Maria’s career took an astounding push to being on Entertainment Tonight six years after Channel News One. Maria kept that entertainment career going and it went into Access Hollywood. That is where she is really known for her work and reporting. Maria was also on Today and Extra. Maria also has her own reality show called Chasing Maria it sounds exactly how the title put s it. Maria started her career at a very early age and has kept it going ever since. Her career never has a dull moment; she is always doing and reporting something interesting. While, her passion for Broadcast Journalism is very strong, she has also written a book called â€Å"The Every Girl’s Guide To Life†. This book had her career go even farther than imagined. In this book she writes about everything going on in her life and how she maintains it while, at the same time giving advise to her readers. In her book she

The Gaia-Eso Study has Revealed New Information about Our...

In an article from the website, Science Daily, researchers have discovered more evidence to support the theory of the Milky Way growing from the middle and spreading outwards over time. This evidence came from the current Gaia-ESO project that was created by the European Space Agency. After reading this article, I realized just how important this information could be. I want to know how the Milky Way was created, because then I will be able to find out more information about how my home, Earth, was created as well. I also really enjoy the topic of astronomy, so when I was looking for articles, this study caught my eye early on. The information is also incredibly recent, which means that scientists are learning new ways to see the universe†¦show more content†¦The thin bands are generally young with â€Å"spiral arms, young stars, giant molecular clouds†(University of Cambridge, 2014). The thick band is older since it has stars with a lower metallicity. Given the study done in Chile, there were several conclusions made. First, that the â€Å"thin† disk stars all had similar metallicity even though there ages spanned over 8 billion years. Second, that stars older than 9 billion years had a very low metallicity, and this was described as a â€Å"steep decline†(University of Cambridge, 2014). However, given these two conclusions, the study also found that there are stars that are young with a low metallicity as well, meaning that the study is not completely cut and dry, so to speak. There is no distinguishable evidence that would allow researchers to definitely conclude the existence of a thin and thick disk or the creation of the Milky Way from the inside out. The study produced generalities, and whether or not these generalities are the absolute truth, scientists are hesitant to rely solely on the results from the Gaia-Eso Survey. Granted, over the next few years, researchers are eager to use the Gaia-Eso survey to further their observations and study of the Milky Way, and they are hopeful to come to a conclusion about how the Milky Way was created, rather than just relying on theories of the Milky Way overcoming smaller galaxies. However, more importantly to the scientists involved, the study could produce a definitive

Vegetation Canopy Lidar Mission Possible Essay Research free essay sample

Vegetation Canopy Lidar Mission: Possible Essay, Research Paper Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission: Possible Since the beginning of clip, human activities that have been changing the Earth and its ambiance have caused the Earth to warm by about one grade Fahrenheit since the late nineteenth century. Whether these activities were indispensable or otiose, the effects on and environing Earth are countless. For illustration, a heater Earth could take to the spread of diseases, runing polar ice caps, withdrawing glaciers, and a alteration in precipitation forms ( Gay 21 ) . Recently, scientists have concluded that this displacement of clime due to the buildup of nursery gases, in portion, might be accredited to the popular pattern of deforestation. Because human activities have altered the chemical composing of the ambiance, scientists have developed laser-based detectors to map the construction of flora in the universe # 8217 ; s woods. Some of course happening nursery gases such as H2O vapour, C dioxide, methane, azotic oxide, and ozone are released into the ambiance through the normal methods of firing fuel and transporting coal ( McCuen 15 ) . Certain human activities add to the degrees of these of course happening gases. Greenhouse gases that are non of course happening are called CFC, hydroflurocarbons, and PFCs. These are generated by industrial procedures ( # 8220 ; Global Warming # 8221 ; 1 ) . Scientists believe that deforestation is a major subscriber moving to increase or diminish C into the ambiance, in bend, potentially speed uping or suppressing planetary heating. To day of the month, scientists can merely contend how much C dioxide is being emitted into the air from the cutting down of woods. Therefore, scientists have developed a laser-based detector to find this enigma. Land based LIDAR systems were introduced in the early 1960s, and were used to supervise the ozone and upper ambiance. Then in the 1970s, airborne LIDAR devices were developed to widen local positions to regional graduated tables ( Roach 2 ) . The first space-borne LIDAR, which provided the first elaborate planetary profiles of the multi-layered construction of clouds, flew aboard NASA # 8217 ; s infinite bird in 1994. Today, the Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission, led by Dr. Ralph Dubayah of the University of Maryland, will be the first launching of a light sensing and ranging ( LIDAR ) device on a orbiter to supply scientists with a expression at Earth # 8217 ; s environment. This launching will be known as the Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission ( Isbell 1 ) . The Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission will let scientists to measure a entire stock list of how much C is in the universe # 8217 ; s woods ( Higgins and Roach 1 ) . Obtaining an stock list of the perpendicular construction of woods across Earth # 8217 ; s surface is possible because the Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission will map in three dimensional format the # 8220 ; direct measuring of tree highs, forest canopy construction, and derived parametric quantities such as planetary biomass with at least 10 times better truth than bing appraisals # 8221 ; ( Isbell 1 ) . Such information will supply an update of planetary forest wellness every bit good as produce an approximative count of how much C the woods hold. Knowing how much C Earth # 8217 ; s woods hold is a cardinal factor in clime alteration economic sciences ( Roach 1 ) . At this point, scientists are able to cipher the above-ground biomass of a wood and they know that about 50 per centum of a wood # 8217 ; s biomass is made up of C. With the information from the Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission, they can gauge the sum of C contained in the woods ( Higgins and Roach 2 ) . These maps will besides assist scientists place degraded Ar Emergency Alert Systems in the woods. Because of cloud screen, many of import ecosystem belongingss of the flora and surface of wet conditions of the woods can non be adequately assessed ( Consuming 715 ) . The Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission has the ability and truth to pierce cloud screen which will work out this job. Most instruments used by scientists to detect Earth can non project through the thinnest of clouds without bring forthing a deformed image ( Roach 1 ) . In add-on, bio-diversity surveies can utilize the Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission’s comprehensive appraisals of a forest’s construction to place and supervise habitat countries. The Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission will besides aide in the anticipation of conditions forms because the measurings it can take aid in the apprehension of air current flow over the Earth. The Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission will utilize five optical masers that send pulsations of energy to the Earth # 8217 ; s surface. Photons from the optical masers resile off foliages, subdivisions, and the land so reflect back to the instrument. The Light Detection and Ranging ( LIDAR ) device is the same type of device as the Radio Detection and Ranging ( RADAR ) , but the energy beginnings are different. LIDAR devices are active distant detectors since they include the light beginning ( Cross 1 ) . The Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission uses pulsed radio detection and ranging from a single-instrument, a little ballistic capsule, 400 kilometre height, planetary remote detection of tree canopy tallness, perpendicular distribution of intercepted surfaces in the canopy, and land topography. The LIDAR instrument for the Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission is the Multi-Beam Laser Altimeter ( MBLA ) . This device has five optical maser senders, a big receiving system telescope, a set of five sensors and laser-pulse analysis electronics, computing machine informations electronics, and a indicating angle measurement system. # 8220 ; The primary function for MBLA in measuring of the Earth # 8217 ; s flora canopy is enabled by the related techniques of optical maser pulse time-of-flight measuring and optical maser pulsation form analysis that constitute a LIDAR capableness for distant detection of the Earth # 8217 ; s surface # 8221 ; ( Doherty 1 ) . The laser-based detectors ( LIDAR ) operate in fundamentally the same mode as RADAR. The Vegetation Canopy LIDAR will fire out pulsations of optical maser radiation and the LIDAR collects the photons with optical telescopes ( Roach 2 ) . By analysing the returned signals, scientists receive a direct measuring of all the information the devices offer ( Higgins and Roach 2 ) . The Vegetation Canopy LIDAR Mission is scheduled to be launched into infinite in September 2000. It will go up from Alaska # 8217 ; s Kodiak Launch Complex ( Higgins and Roach 3 ) . NASA and the University of Maryland are working together to be after other launchings of laser-based orbiters into orbit. In July 2001, a optical maser instrument will sit aboard a orbiter to map the surface of Earth # 8217 ; s ice sheets. This mission will bring forth consequences with a perpendicular declaration of merely four inches. A comparing of this new informations over several old ages will enable scientists to cipher the sum of ice that has been lost due to planetary heating and has contributed to a rise in sea degrees. In the twelvemonth 2003, scientists are be aftering to implement laser-based detectors on a mission to mensurate the chemical composing and construction of clouds to better clime prognosiss ( Roach 2 ) . These exciting and advanced missions will present their first scientific d iscipline consequences in a small over three old ages. Not merely are these exciting and advanced missions capable of bring forthing fast consequences, but besides they are cost-efficient for NASA # 8217 ; s budget. These missions will supply the replies to # 8220 ; emerging research inquiries that will further spread out the scientific cognition of the Earth # 8221 ; ( Isbell 1 ) .

The Argument of Victorias Secret to Make Strategies for Sell

Introduction The world is changing due to changes brought about by technology. Business environment is increasingly getting competitive. Firms are finding it difficult to manage this competition due to a number of factors. According to Kate (78), it is practically impossible to find the best strategy that would last a lifetime without a need for regular adjustment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Argument of Victoria’s Secret to Make Strategies for Sell specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The ability of a firm to adjust to changes within the environment will always determine its success or failure within that market. Coming up with the right strategy should always be followed by swift implementation in order to achieve the desired result. Marketing planning can be a very challenging task, especially in a market with varying characteristics. The planning will also depend on the size of the firm and the pro duct offered to the market. This is the type of challenge Victoria’s Secret faces in the market for lingerie. The approach used in marketing this product is the United States may not be the same as the approach needed in the British markets. When developing a marketing plan, it is always important that the concerned individuals understand the nature of the product and the target customers. As Klasse (87) state, marketing planning and strategy development should not be left to the marketing department alone. Success in this planning will benefit the entire firm. Organizational structure clearly stipulates people responsible for making various decisions at various levels. However, it should be appreciated that all members of the organization, irrespective of their position within the firm, have a role to play. They can help come up with strategies that are able to meet the demands of the market. The research will be based on Victoria’s Secret, which has had massive succe ss for the past one decade. This research focuses on analysis of various strategies that can help a firm succeed in the market and how the implementation should be conducted, including the relevance using the image of women in advertising. Purpose and scope The world market in the finance industry has become very competitive. Various firms have come to the realization that internationalization is the best way through which they can succeed in the market. For this to be possible, it is important that the management develop strategies that would help it in the international market. In the world of advertising, the use of image of women is very common. This is because of the perception of the society towards women. There has been a general perception among the society that women have spectacular image while men are the spectators. Anything that is appealing to the eye is always associated to women. According to Poole (56), an angel is believed to be the most beautiful being, and its be auty can only be compared to that of women. In the marketing arena, this message has sunk, and most firms prefer using the image of women to help advertise their product.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A top model car would be advertised using a model whose image is believed to present the beauty of the product on advertisement. There has been a movement in various western countries, which is against using the image of a woman in advertising. To this group, this is an act of discrimination against women, and the practice should not be tolerated in the current 21st century. This means that marketers would always find themselves at cross roads. This is because the female image remains the best image to use when advertising. On the other hand, these firms are struggling to ensure that they are not seen to be using the image of women in an inappropriate manner. The situation ca n be worse if the firm is dealing in products that would demand the image of a woman in a manner that a fraction of the society finds indecent. This is the situation that Victoria’s Secret found itself following its advertisement of sexy little geisha. This would be the focus of this paper. Strategies Used by Victoria’s Secret in Promoting Sales of its Products Victoria’s Secret is one of the leading US lingerie shop that was started in June 1972. When started, the management of this firm was focused on the local market in the United States. However, this firm has been expanding ever since, and there has been an urge to venture into the global markets. The firm has made successful entry into selected European countries, Canada and some states in North America. As this was taking place, not all was getting easy for this firm. There were other multinational apparel firms that were developing and finding their way into the markets Victoria’s Secret had consi dered exclusively its. The level of competition was getting higher, especially with the entry of various apparel shops and several designers into this market. Victoria’s Secret had to come up with measures that could help it counter this challenge. The firm has to develop measures that would ensure that it remained competitive in the United States, in the European markets and other markets in North America. The strategy was to be developed, and the sooner it came, the better it would serve the firm. Victoria’s Secret came up with a secret that would help them increase their sales in the market. In this new strategy (secret), the marketing team decided to increase the number of influx into the firm’s stores through a strategy that many firms had never thought of. The firm decided to give out several items free to various customers who were staying near enough to their stores. The strategy to give out free sample to their customers came out of a research that conf irmed three most important facts behind their secret. The first fact is that human, by nature, like free items despite the value of the item. When one is offered a free item by an outlet considered classy, they would make an effort to go for it even if they are rich. The second point is that most sales in various retail shops are always due to impulse buying.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Argument of Victoria’s Secret to Make Strategies for Sell specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An individual would set aside 50 dollars to make a simple shopping. However, when the individual comes across attractive items in the shop, he or she would end up spending 150 dollars. This impulse buying is always motivated by the sense of sight. The third fact is that there are a large section of the middle class who believe that such shops as Victoria’s Secret price their products too expensively that they are not i n a position to make a purchase. They therefore refrain from such shops even without making attempts. The strategy was therefore, meant to attract people to the stores of this firm. The free samples came in different categories as identified below. Offering free panties was one of the most popular strategies. The firm would advertise through various media channel that at specific time, they would be offering free panties to the customers who will visit the shop. With this announcement, customers would come to the shop to take the gifts that the firm offers. During this process, two things will take place. First, those who come to the shop will engage in impulse buying. This is because pro to customers visit the management would ensure that there is a proper arrangement of other products on sale in a very attractive manner. They will take their free panty, which may be worth 11 dollars, and buy items that would earn this firm a profit of about 100 dollars. Besides this instant profit , the spectacular nature of the store, and the appealing display of the products would easily turn these visitors into loyal customers. Those who will not be in a position to buy an item during the visit would be convinced that the shop stocks products that meets and even surpasses their expectations. They would seriously consider making a visit to the store to make a purchase of a product that he or she considered as appropriate. Another strategy would be offering customers limited time coupons. In this strategy, the firm would offer its customers discount of up to 12 percent of their purchase. This would especially be on the products that are considered sources of income of the firm. This is always the pink panties, which is the main product of this firm. The firm will offer the discount, but in a manner that may not bring losses to the firm.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The secret behind this strategy is that when offered a discounted product, a customer will always form an attachment with the company. They will feel obliged to make the shop their preferred shop within the locality. This will in turn, increase the market share of this firm within this industry. Another strategy that this firm uses is bargain sales during selected times within the year. In this strategy, the firm would allow all its customers to engage in bargains on all the products that are on sale (Klasse 38). This practice is unheard of in major apparel shops in this country. In most of these shops, the price is always set and placed on tags on the item and a customer is to determine if he or she has the capacity to buy the product. This offer, though not very frequent, offers customers of this firm a rare opportunity to engage in bargaining for the products they purchase. They end up purchasing the product at discounted prices during such periods. Another popular strategy that this firm uses is incremental incentives. In this strategy, the firm would offer its customers an increased incentive based on the value of their purchase. When purchasing a product that is worth 50 dollars, the customers would be offered a discount of 5 dollars. If these customers made a purchase of a product worth 100 dollars, the discount would be 12 dollars. If the purchase were worth 200 dollars, the discount would be 25 dollars. This would motivate employees to make a purchase worth higher values in order to increase their benefit. The secret behind this strategy is to increase the rate of stock turnover. Although the profit margin will be massively reduced when one makes huge purchase, the large volume of sales will compensate the small margin of the profit. The increased sales of the products would give this firm an edge over others. This strategy is also meant to counter the force of the competitors. Some competitors would always avoid any incident that may demonstrate that there is a price war in the market. The above four strategies have pushed up the sales of this firm. The firm has been in a position to expand its market share within the local and international markets. It is one of the most preferred apparel shops in the United States and British markets. The management has been able to develop a close bond between the firm and its customers through best practice. One of the leading policies has always been to ensure that it keeps the sales volume high. Sexy Little Geisha In the process introducing new product in the market, many firms always try to capture the attention of customers using means that would pass the intended message in the best way possible. They always try to make an impact in a way that will make the market notice its presence within the shortest time possible, and with the desired impact. This is what Victoria’s secret expected when it introduced Sexy Little Geisha into the American and European markets. The picture belo w was used to introduce this product. ‘Sexy Little Geisha’ The above lingerie, dubbed Go East, was expected to hit the market with a bang. Klasse says, â€Å"Sexy Little Geisha, an Asian-inspired getup from Victoria’s Secret’s Go East collection, includes a mesh bodysuit with floral patterns on the bra cups and crotch, a tiny floral fan, a removable obi belt, and matching chopsticks with tassels,† (Klasse 1). This product was perfect for the market, especially for the holidaymakers in the United States and Europe. However, the marketing management did not give a deeper though its market proposition when it finally brought it to the market. The product was marketed for its sexual appeal. The marketing team was convinced that this was the best way to introduce this product to the market. According to Foston (82), this was not a bad approach to market this product. This scholar holds that all lingerie products are always designed and marketed as produ cts that would make the woman sexually appealing. This scholar says that this would be appealing in the eye of men, and as is always the norm, women would always like to be appealing in the face of men. This is especially the case when it comes to the lingerie. The mistake that the marketing team of this firm did was to state that the lingerie would offer the wearer sexual satisfaction that is not properly found in the west. That is why the product credo was Go East, where it is generally believed that women offer sexual satisfaction to men. It is common to use sexual appeal in marketing arena. In fact, Kate (29) says that it is becoming common in many industries in the cotemporary world. However, the message that came out was completely upsetting. There is a general belief that men for their sexual fantasies use Asian women. When this product said lets go east in reference to the need to be more appealing, there were various market segments that felt seriously offended by the move. The American and European women considered this message offensive because to them, the message that was being passed is that women are sexual objects (Jennings 45). They seriously took offense with the product and the company and therefore, boycotted the product. The message also offended the Asian women. They were not happy with the fact that to the firm, Asia women are sexual objects used by men for their own satisfaction. This incident raised a lot of controversy and the management had to act with speed and ensure that this issue was solved immediately. The management was forced to recall the advert in less than one week after its introduction. The product was also modified and brought back to the market with different specification. Although the firm was able to overcome this challenge, it hurt its market penetration. Challenges Faced when Advertising Lingerie Advertising lingerie poses a serious challenge to firms in this industry for a number of reasons. Just as any other pro duct in the market, the best way of advertising lingerie is by giving an image of someone wearing it. In this case, it would require the advertiser to show how beautiful the lingerie can be on the body. This is always very challenging, especially when the society is reserved. The lingerie would be viewed as a garment that should be private. Some societies may find such an advertisement as the one shown below as an offensive, especially given the fact that the woman is considered to be revealing a lot more than should be revealed. Figure 2 The above model is advertising lingerie that has just arrived in the market. While a section of the market may consider the product too revealing, another section will consider it inappropriate because it does not reveal the design of the panty fully. They would therefore prefer an advert as this shown below. The challenge therefore, comes when the other section now considers such an advert as the one below as being too revealing or even immoral i n the face of the society. The firm will be struggling to come up with a compromise between these two divides. Figure 3 The above advert may not be welcome in various societies due to the level of nudity it demonstrates. However, Beatty (119) says that the most important factor that a firm should consider is the appropriateness of the advert based on the target market. This is what Victoria’s Secret has been keen on. Conclusion Victoria’s Secret is one of the most prosperous apparel shops in the United States and the European markets. The firm has been keen on attracting the market using various strategies. One of the biggest secret that this firm has been keen to employ is the need to keep people flowing into their stores. They use every means at their disposal to ensure that people visit the store for they are sure that from the visit, there will be sales. Works Cited Beatty, Jeffrey. Business Law and the Legal Environment. Mason: Thomson, 2007. Print. Daniel. A Wal k in Victoria’s Secret: Poems. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2010. Print. Foston, Smith. Victoria’s Secret: A Conspiracy of Silence. Sacramento: Victoria Lazarian Heritage Association, 2001. Print. Jennings, Marianne. Business: Its Legal, Ethical, and Global Environment. Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2012. Print. Kate, Klasse, Anna. ‘Sexy Little Geisha’ More Victoria’s Secret Controversies.’ The Daily Beast, Sep 26, 2012. Poole, Jason. Victoria’s Secret: A Novel. Owings Mills: Cartel Publications, 2008. Print.. This essay on The Argument of Victoria’s Secret to Make Strategies for Sell was written and submitted by user Ashlynn Burke to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Write a Research Proposal - Outline and Samples

Do you also find writing a research paper a dreadful task? To write a successful research paper, you need to know how to write a research proposal in a way that it passes through the thesis committee. Quick Links 1. What is a Research Proposal? 1.1 Research Proposal Definition 2. Research Proposal Outline 3. Research Proposal Template 4. Research Proposal Format 5. How to Write a Research Proposal? 5.1 Title 5.2 Abstract 5.3 Introduction 5.4 Literature Review 5.5 Research Methodology 5.6 Result 5.7 Discussion 5.8 Citation 5.9 Proofreading 6. Research Proposal Example 6.1 Research Proposal 6.2 Research Proposal Sample 6.3 Research Proposal Example APA 7. Research Proposal Topics 8. Seek Professional Help! 1. What is a Research Proposal? A research proposal is a concise summary of your research paper. It creates the general idea of your research by highlighting the questions and issues you are going to address in your paper. For writing it, demonstrate the uniqueness of your research paper. This is the first draft that demonstrates your skills to conduct research. To clarify the concept further, it is the is the most important document as it tells if you can successfully conduct complex research by communicating your clear and concise ideas. 2. Research Proposal Definition A detailed definition is, A research proposal is a document written with the goal of presenting and justifying your interest and need of conducting research on a particular topic. It must highlight the benefits and outcomes of the proposed study, supported by persuasive evidence. 2. Research Proposal Outline Sometimes students dont realize how important a research paper is and just end up putting all the information together without following the basic outline or thinking this through. To summarize its importance, if you want a successful research project, you need to write a great proposal for it. Before starting with the outline, you need to understand the basic components. It goes without saying that a clear outline is important when it comes to literature and writing. 3. Research Proposal Template It might seem like a dreadful task and especially for the students who are new to this. It requires good writing as well as research skills. Here is a sample template to further explain the outline. Research Proposal Template (PDF) Continue reading to know more about proposal writing. 4. Research Proposal Format Your proposal proposal should have enough data and information to persuade and convince your readers regarding the significance of your research. Here is a basic format you can follow while writing your proposal. Title Abstract Introduction Literature Review Research Methodology Result Discussion Citation 5. How to Write a Research Proposal Now you have the basic outline you can follow. Lets discuss how to write it following the format mentioned above. 5.1 Title Your proposal title should be concise and clear to indicate your research question. The title is the first thing that your reader is going to read. A catchy yet informative title will attract readers. Your readers should know what to expect in the paper after reading the title. Your title should clearly indicate the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Avoid writing titles in a general perspective or phrases like An investigation of or A review of 5.2 Abstract The abstract is a short summary that is around 100-250 words. The abstract should include the research question, hypothesis of your research (if there is any), the research methodology and findings. If the proposal is detailed then it will require a section of table of contents after the abstract. 5.3 Introduction You need to start with a strong introduction. The introduction is written to provide a background or context related to your research problem. It is important to frame the research question while writing the proposal. Your entire proposal will revolve around your research question. If the research question is not specific and has a very general literature review, then your proposal might seem insignificant. A specific research question will make your research focused. However, there is no one way to frame your research question. Start the introduction with a general statement related to the problem area you are focusing on and the justification for your study. The introduction usually covers the following elements. What is the purpose of your research or study? Mention the background information and significance before you introduce your research question. Introduce your research question in a way that its significance is highlighted by setting the stage for it. Briefly mention the issues that you are going to discuss and highlight in your study. Make sure that you identify the independent and dependent variables in the title of your study. If there is a hypothesis or a theory related to your research, state it in the introduction. Have a very clear and concise idea related to your research to make sure you do not deviate from the boundaries set for your study. A clear idea will help you craft a perfect thesis. Here is how you can create a crisp and interesting thesis introduction along with a basic guideline. 5.4 Literature Review As per the requirements of your instructor, you can incorporate the literature review in the introduction or create a separate section for the review. A separate section dedicated to literature review will allow you to conduct extensive background research and support your research question with ample proof from credible sources and researches. Following are the basic purposes of the literature review. To give reference to the researchers whose study has been a part of your research. To help you construct a precise and clear research question. To critically evaluate previous literature information related to your research. To understand research issues relevant to the topic of your research. To convince the reader that your research is an important contribution to the relevant niche. A literature review is an important component. However, there are some common mistakes that students make while reviewing the literature. Lack of organization and coherence. No proper structure. Lack of focus on the topic. Not citing the papers and researchers properly. Not including the recent studies relevant to the topic. Trivial citation Keep your literature review organized by adding a subheading to maintain a smooth flow in the content. Reading literature review might seem boring to a few people. Try not to bore your readers and your instructor, or the committee.. Write it in an engaging manner. 5.5 Research Methodology This section explains how you are going to conduct your research and the method you choose for your research question. Explain why the specific method is suitable for your research and how will it help you attain your research goals. Your research methodology will give you an organized plan for the research. Mention sufficient information regarding your research methodology for readers to understand how you are conducting your research. It must contain enough information regarding the study for another researcher to implement it. Choose the type of research methodology that is suitable for your research. Quantitative research is suitable for projects involving collecting and analysis of statistical data like that in social sciences, medicine and psychology. Qualitative type is used in theoretical type of research like that in literature. Some research involves both; if your research topic also involves analysis of both the statistical data and theory, then make sure that you use them appropriately. For a qualitative approach, the method section of your proposal needs to be more detailed and elaborate as compared to the one in quantitative approach. How you will collect your data and analyze it according to the qualitative approach should be described with great care. When you choose a quantitative approach for your research, the method section should contain answers to the following elements. Design Is it a laboratory experiment or a survey? What is the sample size and the subject of your study? What is the procedure of your study and how will you carry out the activities involved in it? Describe your questionnaire or the instruments you will be using in the experiment. Have detailed knowledge of all the research methodologies to justify your approach towards the research problem. 5.6 Result You wont be having any results of your experiment while you are writing the proposal. In this section, you can describe how you will analyze your research question; present hypothesis based on the data you have collected in the research. 5.7 Discussion Describe what will be the potential impact of your research and highlight the reasons of choosing the respective topic. Dont exaggerate the merits of your research just to enhance the significance in the eyes of the readers. Also, mention the limitations of your study in terms of lack of time, resources and budget; mention its scope for future study. e.8 Citation Don’t forget the citation section.You dont want to get blamed for plagiarism. Always give references to the authors and the literature you have studied for your research. There are two ways to cite your sources. Reference List the literature that you have used in your proposal. Bibliography List everything that you have cited while doing your study or while writing. Follow a specific format for the citation section as instructed by your supervisor. It can be written in APA, MLA, Chicago or Harvard style. Both references and bibliography included in it. Why Research Proposals Get Rejected? An analysis of 500 rejected proposals allowed us to identify the common blunders made in them. These blunders caused the rejection of otherwise promising research. The proposal stated a flawed hypothesis. The professor doubts the research will not bring new or useful results. The plan mentioned in the proposal lacks details and is unrealistic. It lacks coherence. The results obtained, or the hypothesis,from the chosen method will be inaccurate. The review of literature is not done correctly. Sufficient time was not devoted to writing the proposal. The proposal is copied or has been used by many other students in the past. These are the common ways that result in rejection. If you desire to make it shine, stick to your instructors guidelines and stay away from committing these mistakes. They will kill the purpose and effort you put in your proposal and tarnish your reputation also. The Perfect Strategy to Maximize Acceptance of the Research Proposal None wants the proposal to be rejected in the first place. The acceptance gives you a head start. Your writing style is significant in this regard; it will decide if your proposal is accepted or not. Always proceed to establish a declarative writing format. Never use informal vocabulary or overused idioms and passive verbs. Typos, spelling mistakes and poor grammar casts a negative impact on the professor. If you dont have perfect grammatical skills, you can never write a brilliant piece of paper. 5.9 Proofreading Many students prefer not to proofread the proposal after completion, which is a grave mistake If you proofread the paper on your own, you may fail to identify the mistakes. Use online tools or have a helping hand from your friend to give it a good read. In the end, edit the document as per the needs. 6. Research Proposal Example To clarify the concept, here is an example following the outline mentioned above. 6.1 Research Proposal (PDF) Here is another complete sample to help you write a research proposal. 6.2 Research Proposal Sample (PDF) To write your proposal in APA format, review the following example. 6.3 Research Proposal Example APA (PDF) 7. Research Proposal Topics You can take ideas for your topic from books, journals, previously done researches and dissertations. Here are a few topics you can choose from. How technology has evolved English language over the last 10 years? What are the effects of individualism in the British literature? How Feminism has helped women get their rights over the last decade? Fall of Roman empire and its effects. What factors caused World War 2? Effects of World War 2 on diplomacy. Can cultural differences affect social interaction? How violent video games have affected the brain development among children? How does alcohol affect aggression among few people? Is death penalty effective? If you want to know more about finding a topic for your research paper and research paper topic examples, here is how you can choose a topic for research paper. 8. Seek Professional Help! They can be critical requiring great attention. If you are inexperienced, you are likely to suffer. In a worst case scenario, your proposal may get rejected. But there is a solution to this complex problem. Experienced professionals! 5StarEssays professional essay writers master the art due to their years of experience in academic writing. What makes them perfect? Quality makes them the best in town. Gear up to take the assistance of the masters and make them shine. If you have any queries, talk to our representative. We always search for ways to improve our services by working on the feedback.

Varnasrama-dharma, the Hindu Caste System

Varnasrama-dharma, the Hindu Caste System Free Online Research Papers This paper will explore the Hindu caste system. Varnasrama-dharma, as applied to the varnas, or castes, is one of the fundamental aspects of Hinduism. Its origins trace back to the 1500’s, when the Aryans invaded India from then Persia. The complex hierarchy was devised as a system to facilitate the subjugation of the conquered tribes. The caste system is based upon the principle that human society is like a complex machine, with individuals and communities as its parts. If the parts are weak, broken, or asked to perform a function it was not designed for, the machine will not work. Likewise, each part has its place and function; no part can do the job of another, and all must keep their place for the machine to function smoothly. This Dharma, our place within and duty to the machine of society, is not just essential to our happiness, but the happiness of all. Hindu society is traditionally divided into four main castes, with each main caste divided into hundreds of sub-castes, or jati. The function of these castes is to quantify how ‘pure’ a person is, and thus how close he is to reaching Moksha, or enlightenment. Being born to a higher caste is an indication that one had lived one’s previous lives in a holy manner. As a result, the higher castes must live holy lives themselves, or they will regress to a lower caste in their next life; or worse, be born outside of the castes entirely (Flesher). The highest caste is the Brahmins, the priestly caste. Their dharma is to study and understand the Vedas, Hindu’s four holy texts, and bring this knowledge to others. The second caste is the Kshatriya, the warrior/ruling class, who protects and guides the people. Vaishya, the professional caste, work in business and production to provide economically for the people. The Shudra, lowest of the castes, are servants to the higher three castes, providing the labor which moves society. Some upward mobility is possible, in that each caste has hundreds of jati. It is possible in one’s lifetime, by marriage or economics, to attain a different jati, but never to transcend or fall from the main caste one is born into. There is a segment of society that is so low that it was once not officially considered a caste. These are the Harijan; once known as the untouchables. The untouchables were considered wholly impure, and were given positions within society to reflect that. These jobs typically involved handling dead matter and filth; such as street sweepers, butchers, latrine cleaners, and the like. They are outcast from society to the point that they may not come into physical contact with one of the pure casts. If such contact were to occur, or even if an untouchable were to touch a casted person’s possessions or furniture, the casted person would immediately be required to cleanse his person or property (Anand). At first appearance, the Hindu caste structure and the social laws pertaining to rights based on caste seem to be prejudicial and exclusive. The lowest caste, Shudra, is not allowed to hear or study the holy Vedas. However, from a religious standpoint, the caste system is not abusive in itself. The Shudra are not allowed the Vedas, but they are allowed to participate in the Hindu religion. It may seem counterproductive to deny them the very texts that dictate their caste and dharma, but Hindus believe that everyone who is born into a caste is there for a reason. Karma, how you spend a lifetime, which follows you throughout your many lifetimes, determines which caste you will be in for the next lifetime. You may be demoted to an animal, repositioned within the castes, or granted Moksha. One’s karma and success in fulfilling one’s dharma determine if one is ready for a caste in which he will be allowed to study the Vedas and progress along Samsara; the cycle of lif e, death, and rebirth. Proponents of the caste system argue that it provides the answers that people turn to religion for. It gives the people a social structure that encourages closeness with other members from your caste. It gives an individual a meaning to life, even if that meaning is to serve or sweep the street. It provides a goal and a purpose. The caste system has the advantage of clearly defining morality and giving people a firm place in society. Though one may not be able to raise is caste within a lifetime, neither can his caste be lowered. It enables one to concentrate upon their dharma, to improve their karma, and progress toward rebirth in a higher caste. â€Å"Since it is accepted that one’s caste is determined by one’s past karma, there is no reason to be bitter about one’s lot or envy others† (Ludwig, 109). Granted, the caste system has not been implemented as the Vedas instruct. The system has come to be a hierarchy wherein the lowest levels are not given the respect commanded in religious texts (Embry). Detractors point to this as why, even with the caste system officially dissolved by the Indian democratic government, caste-based discrimination continues to be a hardship on the lower castes when it comes to employment and economic improvement. Today, things are much improved with the introduction of programs similar to Affirmative Action, and free education for all Indian citizens. Still a complete and genuine equality for all continues to elude them. It should be pointed out, with the official removal of the caste system; the door has been opened to social backlash, often referred to as ‘reverse discrimination.’ Policies originally meant to equalize the treatment of all citizens have been over extended and misapplied. Opportunities once reserved for the higher castes are now available to Harijan and Shudra, and actually denied to Brahmins. This upturn has triggered a re-stratification of society, converting it to a new system the where once oppressed become the oppressors. Every society naturally stratifies its population on the basis of influence, wealth, or education. The varna system ensures a high standard of craftsmanship, a sense of community belonging, family integrity and religious-cultural continuity. Indians have clung to these traditions as a source of economic and social stability in an often distressed society. It is unfortunate that the varna system has ended this way. However, it does not mean that classification is wrong. Rather than scrapping a major tenant of the national religion, it should be restructured to properly reflect karma as set in the Vedas. References Flesher, Paul. Social Organization; The Caste System. Retrieved February 02, 2010 from http://uwacadweb.uwyo.edu/religionet/er/hinduism/HORGS.HTM Anand, Mulk Raj: Untouchable. London. Penguin Putnam, 1940. Embree, Ainslie T.: Indias Search For National Identity. Delhi, India. Chanakya Publications, 1980. Research Papers on Varnasrama-dharma, the Hindu Caste SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPETSTEL analysis of IndiaGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export Quotas

Henry David Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Henry David - Essay Example Thoreau is believed to have been one of the most influential icons of his times. Actually, leadership icons such as Martin Luther Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi were greatly inspired by Thoreau. Thoreau wrote many books in diverse fields. Particularly, he wrote on subjects that involved public oppression by oppressive leadership. Reforms and political courses were most of his favorite areas of writing. Thoreau was a diversified writer who wrote as a poet, author, critique, philosopher, naturalist, and realist. It is believed that his literary works totaled over 20 volumes and mainly consisted of poems, journals, and essays. In his late years, Thoreau became so interested in natural history and wrote most of his late writings through expedition narratives. Although he inspired many, he also got inspiration from Darwin and Bartram. One of his most widely read essay is called "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience." Thoreau is a figure to be emulated. He believed in a better and just society. Altho ugh he is criticized for promoting civil disobedience, he actually advocated for betterment of leadership rather than change (Thoreau